Penyelesaian sengketa investor-negara
Penyelesaian sengketa investor-negara (bahasa Inggris: Investor-state dispute settlement; ISDS) adalah instrumen hukum internasional umum yang memberikan investor hak penyelesaian sengketa terhadap pemerintah asing. Syarat ISDS terkandung dalam berbagai perjanjian investasi bilateral, perjanjian perdagangan seperti North American Free Trade Agreement (Bab 11) dan perjanjian investasi internasional seperti Energy Charter Treaty. Bila sebuah investor dari sebuah negara ("Negara Asal") menanamkan modal di negara lain ("Negara Tujuan"), keduanya menyepakati ISDS, dan Negara Tujuan melanggar hak yang diberikan kepada investor sesuai hukum internasional umum, investor tersebut boleh mempersoalkan hal tersebut ke pengadilan arbitrase.
Meski ISDS sering dikaitkan dengan arbitrase internasional di bawah peraturan ICSID (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes of the World Bank), ISDS justru lebih sering terjadi di bawah pengawasan pengadilan arbitrase internasional yang diatur oleh serangkaian peraturan dan/atau lembaga seperti London Court of International Arbitration, International Chamber of Commerce, Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre, atau UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules.
Contoh
[sunting | sunting sumber]Dow AgroSciences v. Canada
[sunting | sunting sumber]Pada tanggal 25 Agustus 2008, Dow AgroSciences LLC, sebuah perusahaan Amerika Serikat, mengajukan Pemberitahuan Dengan Maksud Mengajukan Klaim Arbitrase sesuai Bab 11 NAFTA atas kerugian yang diduga diakibatkan oleh larangan pemerintah Quebec atas penjualan dan penggunaan pestisida pekarangan yang mengandung bahan aktif 2,4-D.[1] Pengadilan mengeluarkan putusan kesepahaman (consent award) karena kedua belah pihak yang terlibat sengketa mencapai kesepakatan.[2]
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]- International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
- International Investment Agreement
- Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)
- Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)
- United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "Dow AgroSciences LLC v. Government of Canada", US Department of State. Accessed: 12 April 2010.
- ^ "INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES (ICSID) : IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION UNDER CHAPTER 11 OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT AND THE UNCITRAL ARBITRATION RULES" (PDF). International.gc.ca. Diakses tanggal 19 November 2014.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- * The Transatlantic Colossus: Global Contributions to Broaden the Debate on the EU-US Free Trade Agreement A collaborative publication with over 20 articles on the global implications of the TAFTA | TTIP
- The Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: European Disintegration, Unemployment and Instability
- Investment Treaty Arbitration, website by Professor Andrew Newcombe, University of Victoria
- Pohl, Joachim, Kekeletso Mashigo, and Alexis Nohen. (2012). “Dispute settlement provisions in international investment agreements," OECD Working Paper
- UNCTAD's Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Development (IPFSD)
